![]() ![]() The plan's defeat led to a series of compromises centering primarily on two issues: slavery and proportional representation. On June 19, 1787, delegates rejected the New Jersey Plan with three states voting in favor, seven against, and one divided. An alternative to the Virginia Plan, known as the New Jersey Plan, also called for an elected executive but retained the legislative structure created by the Articles, a unicameral Congress where all states had one vote. The first proposal discussed, introduced by delegates from Virginia, called for a bicameral (two-house) Congress that was to be elected on a proportional basis based on state population, an elected chief executive, and an appointed judicial branch. Almost immediately, however, delegates began considering measures to replace the Articles. The convention's initial mandate was limited to amending the Articles of Confederation, which had proven highly ineffective in meeting the young nation's needs. Delegates to the convention were chosen by the state legislatures of 12 of the 13 original states Rhode Island refused to send delegates. The drafting of the Constitution, often referred to as its framing, was completed at the Constitutional Convention, which assembled at Independence Hall in Philadelphia between May 25 and September 17, 1787. ![]() The Constitution of the United States is the oldest and longest-standing written and codified national constitution in force in the world today. Article VII establishes the procedure subsequently used by the 13 states to ratify it. Article IV, Article V, and Article VI embody concepts of federalism, describing the rights and responsibilities of state governments, the states in relationship to the federal government, and the shared process of constitutional amendment. The Constitution's first three articles embody the doctrine of the separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided into three branches: the legislative, consisting of the bicameral Congress ( Article I) the executive, consisting of the president and subordinate officers ( Article II) and the judicial, consisting of the Supreme Court and other federal courts ( Article III). Originally comprising seven articles, it delineates the national frame and constraints of government. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, in 1789. The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. National Archives Building in Washington, D.C., U.S.Ĭongress of the Confederation in Philadelphia, U.S. The Constitution of the United States of America, As Amended (PDF), July 25, 2007 Page one of the officially engrossed copy of the Constitution signed in Philadelphia by delegates of the Constitutional Convention in 1787 Ĭonstitutional presidential federal republic ![]()
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